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Greek culture had been transferred at that time and since the death of Alexander the Great and the dividing of his empire to the capitals of the countries that were recently formed comprising the Hellenic world at the top of which was Alexandria. It was all based on Greek principles of civilization and science. As a result, the new Hellenic countries which had been formed on the remains of Alexander the Great's empire strongly competed among themselves in the fields of Greek science and art which led to them being in the spotlight of the developed world. This led to scholars and students from all over the Hellenic world going to such capitals at the top of which was Alexandria which was the source of science and arts to the world. We found that research in pure science had taken wide steps forward, ancient Greek art was revived and so was research in the history of Egypt. In addition, scientists established new fields of research, yet most of it was to a great extent not related to the Egyptian civilization which was only modestly referred to as the source of ancient civilizations in the eyes of the Greeks.

At that period of time, the original Egyptian people were disconnected from the group of occupying Hellenes. They were culturally removed from the Hellenes and lived in complete isolation. They lived confined to their homes and land as they have done before the coming of the foreign occupation, farming and doing small industries which they inherited from their parents, yet with greater effort in order to keep up with the demands of Ptolemy II who searched for and desired nothing but money. Valuable information about their lives and about the lives of the Greek and Macedonian occupiers has reached us. This information covers their social and religions life which has been revealed through papyrus paper discovered during excavations in the last two centuries. We have talked a lot about this in the previous volume of Ancient Egypt.